Official Government Website

Surface Water Coalition Delivery Call

SWC Delivery Call Overview

This webpage is an annual summary of the Methodology findings and required actions for the current irrigation year regarding the Surface Water Coalition Delivery Call.

To review and download pdf copies of the complete list of legal filings in the SWC Delivery Call (2010 – present), visit the Docket No. CM-DC-2010-001 legal webpage.

In 2005, a group of canal companies and irrigation districts that diverted and delivered water from the Snake River to approximately 550,000 acres of farmland formed the Surface Water Coalition (SWC). Once formed,  the SWC filed a delivery call against junior ground water users claiming that junior ground water pumping was depleting the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer (ESPA) and the hydrologically connected Snake River. The Idaho Ground Water Appropriators (IGWA) and member ground water districts formed in response to the SWC delivery call to respond on behalf of junior ground water users collectively irrigating almost 1,000,000 acres of farmland. Through the delivery call proceeding, it was determined that depending on surface water supply, ESPA, and crop need conditions, the depletion effects from pumping the ESPA materially injure the SWC. A court-approved “Methodology” was implemented in 2010 that evaluated the water supply and crop need conditions each year and determined the magnitude of the injury. The Methodology has been implemented since 2010, and during that time, it has undergone six revisions, most recently in 2023. When the Methodology determines injury, junior ground water users found to be causing the injury must mitigate their injury under the authority of a State-approved mitigation plan or be curtailed.

Current Methodology

July 19, 2023 | Sixth Final Order Regarding Methodology for Determining Material Injury to Reasonable In-season Demand and Reasonable Carryover

Commonly Used Acronyms on this Webpage

ACGWS – Area of Common Ground Water Supply

IDS – In-Season Demand Shortfall

IGWA – Idaho Ground Water Appropriators

ESPA – Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer

ESPAM – Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Model

SWC – Surface Water Coalition

Surface Water Coalition and Idaho Ground Water Appropriators, Inc.: 

Groundwater and Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Information:

Summary of Enforcement Actions & Ground Water Rights Status

Archived Summary of Enforcement Actions

December 5, 2025 | Summary of Enforcement Actions

Archived Ground Water Rights Status Update

December 5, 2025 | Status of Ground Water Rights Subject to the July, 25, 2025 Curtailment Order

August 12, 2025 | Status of Ground Water Rights Subject to the May 16, 2025 Curtailment Order 

  • This document will not be updated after August 12. It is replaced by the tracking table for ground water rights subject to the July 25, 2025 Curtailment Order, posted above.

Archived Methodology and Related Orders

December 8, 2025 | Final Order Curtailing Ground Water Rights Junior to August 15, 1952

November 21, 2025 | Final Order Establishing 2025 Reasonable Carryover Step 9

September 11, 2025 | Order Revising July 2025 Forecast Supply

  • The revised in-season demand shortfall is 63,700 acre-feet.
  • The July 25, 2025 Curtailment Order remains in full force and effect.
  • Holders of ground water rights listed in Attachment A of the July 25th Curtailment Order bearing priority dates junior to October 11, 1900, shall continue to be curtailed from diversion and use of ground water pursuant to those water rights, unless they are mitigating in accordance with an approved mitigation plan, or are notified by the Department that the order of curtailment has been modified or rescinded as to their water rights.

July 25, 2025 | Final Order Curtailing Ground Water Rights Junior to October 11, 1900

  1. Effective July 25, 2025, ground water users holding water rights bearing priority dates junior to October 11, 1900, within the ESPA ACGWS, and listed in Attachment A of the Curtailment Order, shall curtail/refrain from diversion and use of ground water pursuant to those water rights unless notified by the Department that the order of curtailment has been modified or rescinded as to their water rights.
  2. Holders of ground water rights listed in Attachment A of the July 25th Curtailment Order, who were not previously listed in Attachment A of the May 16th Curtailment Order shall have fifteen (15) days from the date of the July 25th Curtailment Order to join a ground water district with an approved mitigation plan, solely for mitigation purposes.
  3. The Curtailment Order applies to consumptive ground water rights, including but not limited to, agricultural, commercial, industrial, and municipal uses.
  4. The Curtailment Order excludes ground water rights used for de minimis domestic purposes where such domestic use is within the limits defined in Idaho Code § 42-111, and ground water used for de minimis stock watering where such stock watering use is within the limits defined in Idaho Code § 42-1401A(11), pursuant to IDAPA 37.03.11.020.11.

July 10, 2025 | Order Revising April 2025 Forecast Supply and Continuing May 16, 2025 Curtailment Order (Methodology Steps 5 & 6)

  • The Director predicts an in-season IDS of 75,300 acre-feet.
  • On or before July 24, 2025, ground water users holding consumptive water rights bearing priority dates junior to October 11, 1900, within the ESPA ACGWS shall establish, to the satisfaction of the Director, that they can mitigate for their proportionate share of the predicted in-season IDS of 75,300 acre-feet in accordance with an approved mitigation plan.
  • If a junior ground water user cannot establish, to the satisfaction of the Director, that they can mitigate for their proportionate share of the predicted in-season IDS in accordance with an approved mitigation plan, the Director will issue an order curtailing the junior-priority ground water user.

May 16, 2025 | Final Order Curtailing Ground Water Rights Junior to August 28, 1955

  • Effective May 31, 2025, ground water users holding water rights bearing priority dates junior to August 28, 1955, within the ESPA ACGWS, and listed in Attachment A of the Curtailment Order, shall curtail/refrain from diversion and use of ground water pursuant to those water rights unless notified by the Department that the order of curtailment has been modified or rescinded as to their water rights
  • The Curtailment Order applies to consumptive ground water rights, including but not limited to, agricultural, commercial, industrial, and municipal uses. 
  • The Curtailment Order excludes ground water rights used for de minimis domestic purposes where such domestic use is within the limits defined in Idaho Code § 42-111, and ground water used for de minimis stock watering where such stock watering use is within the limits defined in Idaho Code § 42-1401A(11), pursuant to IDAPA 37.03.11.020.11.

April 16, 2025 | Final Order Regarding April 2025 Forecast Supply (Methodology Steps 1–3)

  • The Director predicts an April IDS of 63,000 acre-feet.
  • On or before May 1, 2025, ground water users holding consumptive water rights bearing priority dates junior to August 28, 1955, within the ESPA ACGWS shall establish, to the satisfaction of the Director, that they can mitigate for their proportionate share of the predicted April IDS of 63,000 acre-feet in accordance with an approved mitigation plan.
  • If a junior ground water user cannot establish, to the satisfaction of the Director, that they can mitigate for their proportionate share of the predicted April IDS in accordance with an approved mitigation plan, the Director will issue an order curtailing the junior-priority ground water user.
  • Visit Docket No. CM-DC-2010-001 to download the April Background information.

On July 19, 2023, the Department issued its Sixth Final Order Regarding Methodology for Determining Material Injury to Reasonable In-Season Demand and Reasonable Carryover in the Surface Water Coalition Delivery Call (“Methodology Order”). The Methodology Order implements nine steps for determining material injury to members of the Surface Water Coalition (“SWC”). The Director is required by the Idaho Constitution, Idaho Law, and numerous court decisions to administer ground and surface water rights conjunctively, in response to the 2005 delivery call filed by the SWC.

On April 18, 2024 the Director used the Sixth Amended Methodology to determine groundwater pumping injured senior surface water rights by 74,100 acre-feet. A curtailment order is issued following the determination of predicted in-season demand shortfall in the April Forecast Supply (Methodology Steps 1-3) (“As-Applied Order“).

On May 30, 2024 the Director issued the Final Order Curtailing Ground Water Rights Junior to March 31, 1954. Junior groundwater users who cannot mitigate their proportionate share of the predicted in-season demand shortfall in accordance with an approved mitigation plan are curtailed.

Senate Bill 1341

The 2024 Legislature passed Senate Bill 1341, expanding the area of common ground water supply (ACGWS) for the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer (ESPA). The ESPA ACGWS is the administrative boundary used by the Department to administer water rights regarding the Surface Water Coalition (SWC) Delivery Call. SB 1341 modifies the ACGWS to reflect the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Model boundary, v2.2.  When the new boundary goes into affect on July 1, 2024, approximately 1,400 new ground water rights will be brought into the delivery call proceeding. The Department sent notice to the holders of affected water rights in May and is currently considering the process to bring the new water rights into administration.

2026 Irrigation Season

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Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer (ESPA) Area of Common Ground Water Supply (ACGWS) Map

Map of the ESPA ACGWS updated boundaries as of July 1, 2024.
The map above illustrates the new boundaries of the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Area of Common Groundwater Supply, updated as per Senate Bill 1341. The updated boundary went into effect on July 1, 2024.
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